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Legislative updates following the approval of LO 1/2025
On January 2, 2025, Organic Act 1/2025¹ was published, introducing significant changes to the Spanish legal framework. One of its most notable innovations is the incorporation of new Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms (ADR) in non-judicial proceedings. This...

2024 revised limits of air carriers’ liability under the Montreal Convention 1999
The Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air entered into force generally on November 4, 2003, and for Spain on June 28, 2004, following its publication in the Official State Gazette of Spain on May 20, 2004. Articles 21 and 22...

Air accident investigation: new independent administrative authority in Spain
The recent accidents involving American Airlines Flight 5342 and Jeju Airlines Flight 7C2216, which occurred on January 29 and December 29, 2024, respectively, have shocked both the aviation industry and the general public, serving as a stark reminder of the crucial...

Operational challenges facing airlines
The exponential growth in passenger demand in recent years has intensified the challenges airlines face, requiring innovative strategies and constant adaptations. This surge not only pushes airlines to increase their operational capacity but also exacerbates...

The increase in cat turbulence and the responsibility? Of the airlines
In-flight safety and security has, since the beginning of aviation, been a major concern in both legal and regulatory efforts, ensuring that every air journey not only meets the highest standards of protection, but also continues to evolve to meet the challenges of...

Futuristic flights? Air taxis are set to revolutionize the aviation industry as we know it
Among the many challenges on the horizon for the airline industry, the implementation of eVTOLs¹ (also known as aerotaxis) stands out prominently. These innovative vehicles promise to enhance efficiency, safety, and passenger experience by establishing a third...

Sunflower, moving towards a more inclusive future. Thank you, but we aspire for more.
As a mother of a child with autism and a sibling of a person with Down syndrome, we deeply understand the importance of initiatives that facilitate life for people with disabilities. One of the most notable is the Sunflower Program (Hidden Disabilities Sunflower)....

Challenges in Spain regarding compensation under Regulation (EC) 261/2004 in cases governed by the 1999 Montreal Convention
International passenger air transport, experiencing constant growth, presents challenges that need to be addressed harmoniously to ensure its smooth functioning. Among these challenges, one of the most pressing issues for airlines is quantifying the compensation that...

Greenwashing in aviation: sustainability challenges faced by misleading business practices
The airline industry is facing increasing pressure from governments and international bodies to reduce its emissions and address the challenges of climate change. For over a decade, airlines have been in the spotlight of ecological transition authorities due to the...

Animals on board: legal challenges in air transport
On 4th November 1909, at Leysdown, Kent, the first recorded flight of an animal took place, when J.T.C. Moore-Brabazon, carried a small pig in his French-made Voisin aircraft. Since that historic moment, the transport of animals has undergone significant evolution,...